Tuesday, February 18, 2025

Acts 2 CJB, Peter’s Davidic prophecy may have missed Christ, The God incarnate

Guide: CJB emphasis in bold (CJB online), text in green; NIV in magenta; footnotes to CJB in sky blue; Nomads* discussion in yellow; and my comments in gray. I may use endnotes to cite outside literature or extensive comment.  

*Participative Sunday-school-class at UBC led by Ken Tipton. My continually improved statement about Genesis 1:26-28 is at the end of this post.

Chief concerns and possible insights:

1.    Acts 2 (63 CE) seems to ignore what some proponents of the Bible canon (405 CE) claim to know: Christ is The Trinity incarnate. Peter seems to neglect Hebrews 9:15-18 (67 CE), especially, V 16-17, “For where there is a will [promise; covenant], there must necessarily be produced evidence of its maker’s death, since a will goes into effect only upon death; it never has force while its maker is still alive.”

2.    I am working harder to compare NT quotations vs OT scripture, both in CJB and NIV.

3.    Peter’s church seems to propose reform to error-free (sinless) pursuit of life under Yeshua’s influence and humility to The God.

a.    Peter suggests salvation from “the ream of the dead” but not antinomianism.

b.    Peter mentions Torah only as a constraint, not a goal.

c.     He favors prophesy by David, repressing opinion about both Abraham and Moses’ Pentateuch.

                                  i.    Lineage to David is Abraham with Sarah to Isaac; with Rebekah to Jacob; with Leah to Judah; then 10 more generations, 14 total.

                                 ii.    From David

1.    Through Solomon, 30 generations lead to Yeshua’s Yosef.

2.    Through Nathan, 40 generations lead to Yeshua’s Miryam.

4.    Peter’s church, in about 33 to 66 CE seemed to think “ourselves and our children” would experience the second coming, so provisions for next week were little if any concern.

a.    The Hebrew Bible was canonized in the 2nd century CE

                                  i.    Improvement is continual if not continuous

b.    The Roman Church canonized the NT in 405 CE and there are competitors, such as the Ethiopian Tewahedo Bible, with a larger book inclusion

c.     Wycliffe's Bible, a protestant alternative was completed in 1395

d.    Messianic Jews published CJB in 1995

                                  i.    Does that group advocate an Israeli Messiah or a Messiah to all civic humans?

e.    Should Bible readers pursue necessary goodness to the living or avoid the place of the dead? I choose to pursue necessary goodness under Yeshua’s civic influence, aware of the opinions of Peter, Paul, brother John, apostle John, orthodox Jews, the Church, and competitive theists and philosophers.

5.    The United States Constitution proposes a civic faction of We the People of the United States to pursue necessary goodness to life on earth.

                                  i.    Justice cares not if the citizen is motivated and inspired to necessary goodness by Yeshua, by Jesus, by Christ, or by the good, mysterious as goodness may seem

                                 ii.    Civic citizens may and can choose to pursue both a rational mystery and necessary goodness.

                               iii.    In humility to The God mystery, I choose to both pursue the laws of physics under Yeshua’s civic influence and appreciate other civic people’s opinions regarding necessary goodness.

Working considerations:

1.    V1 Pentecost: 50th day after Yeshua’s crucifixion.

a.    Note Acts 1:3, “After his death he showed himself to them and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. During a period of forty days they saw him, and he spoke with them about the Kingdom of God.”

2.    Reported supernatural events

a.    V 2-3 a tornado plus fire-fingers reaching individuals.

b.    V 4-7, esp. V 6 the non-Galilean-speaking crowd, mysteriously heard in Galilean.

c.     V 24 miracle-worker Jesus freed from death [which he had suffered]

6.    I am working harder to compare NT vs OT scripture, with growing awareness of CJB writer’s intentions, perhaps to prove that Yeshua is the Messiah. Also, that work increases awareness of seeming internal contradictions in both CJB and NIV.

a.    V 21 footnote CJB NT is neither precise nor accurate to CJB OT.

                                  i.    NIV NT keeps the CJB OT sentence beginning “For in Mount Tziyon . . .”

                                 ii.    Perhaps both CJB and NIV NT attempt to negate, in V 17, OT, “all humanity”, even though Joel 2 addresses Israel rather than humankind.

b.    V 26 only CJB and KJV OT have “my glory rejoices” all the rest have “my tongue rejoices”. CJB argues with itself, and NIV argues with KJV.

c.     V 35 misquotes Psalm 110’s, “The Lord says to my Lord my lord, “Sit . . .” The lower case “lord” suggests David ascending.

7.    Obscure facts

a.    V 5 Jews from ancient lands were in Jerusalem for Pentecost

                                  i.    V 9; from Iran, Iraq, Israel, Turkey, N. Africa, Italy, and Crete (Greece).

                                 ii.    V 11 both native Jews and pagan (Gentile) converts

b.    V 13 Drinking alcohol an accepted risk

c.     V 14, to my knowledge, Peter leading the 12, Matthias having been selected in Acts 1, is trying to take the role of leader, replacing Yeshua.

d.    V 24 the person on the cross suffered the injury and the insult

8.    Peter’s messages

a.    V 21 citing Joel’s ancient prophesy, following Yeshua’s civic influence saves.

b.    V 22 by miracles and signs “Yahweh” (my edit to delineate Jewish Divinity from The God) showed Yeshua was miracle working “Jesus” (my device to delineate the miracle-working Messiah rather than the person)

c.     V 23 by Yahweh’s plan, you Jews killed Jesus (impacting Yeshua-repression).

                                  i.    Maneuvered pagans (not bound by the Torah) to do the killing

d.    V 24 but Yahweh freed Jesus from death.

e.    V 29;ff you know David was reliable, and he prophesied the Messiah

f.      V 31 Jesus’ body is without decay these 50 days; V 32 be witnesses.

g.    V 33;ff I speculate that Jesus is surrogate to David’s prophecy that his enemies would serve him.

h.    V 38 nevertheless, don’t repeat human error, be humble to The God, and pursue Yeshua’s civic influence.

                                  i.    Peter did not directly cite Jewish law

                                 ii.    A consequence of starting with David rather than with Moses?

i.      V 39 the promise is “to ourselves and our Posterity”, where the capital “P” expresses all civic people.

j.      V 40 despite the generations who lived under the promise, this is a lost generation, so reform.

9.    Reported consequences of Peter’s leadership

a.    V 41 about 3000 baptized to join the group

b.    V 43 the 12 apostles effected many miracles

c.     V 44 people who accepted Yeshua’s civic influence shared motivation and inspiration; trust and commitment; group-growth

                                  i.    V 45 sold all their property (to whom?) to benefit the group

                                 ii.    V 46 met in the Temple and in homes to share food and comfort

                               iii.    V 47 respected all the people and added to the church

The CJB text follows:

 2:1 The festival of Shavu‘ot [Pentecost; spirit descending on 50th day after the cross] arrived, and the believers all gathered together in one place. Suddenly there came a sound from the sky like the roar of a violent wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. Then they saw what looked like tongues of fire, which separated and came to rest on each one of them. They were all filled with the Ruach HaKodesh and began to talk in different languages, as the Spirit enabled them to speak.

Now there were staying in Yerushalayim religious Jews from every nation under heaven. When they heard this sound, a crowd gathered; they were confused, because each one heard the believers speaking in his own language. Totally amazed, they asked, “How is this possible? Aren’t all these people who are speaking from the Galil [hilly region in Israel]How is it that we hear them speaking in our native languages? We are Parthians [Iran], Medes [Iran], Elamites [Iran]; residents of Mesopotamia [Iraq], Y’hudah [Israel], Cappadocia [Turkey], Pontus [Turkey], Asia [Turkey]10 Phrygia [Turkey], Pamphylia [Turkey], Egypt [N. Africa], the parts of Libya [N. Africa] near Cyrene; visitors from Rome [Italy]11 Jews by birth and proselytes [Gentiles who embraced the Jewish faith, laws, customs, and ceremonies]; Jews from Crete and from Arabia. . . ! Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia (Roman province), 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome 11 (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs How is it that we hear them speaking in our own languages about the great things God has done?” 12 Amazed and confused, they all went on asking each other, “What can this mean?” 13 But others made fun of them and said, “They’ve just had too much wine![Drinking to excess was frowned on even then.]

14 Then Kefa stood up with the Eleven [with the Twelve from Acts 1?] and raised his voice to address them [the 130?]: “You Judeans, and all of you staying here in Yerushalayim! Let me tell you what this means! Listen carefully to me!

15 “These people aren’t drunk, as you suppose — it’s only nine in the morning. 16 No, this is what was spoken about through the prophet Yo’el:

17 Adonai says:
“In the Last Days,
I will pour out from my Spirit upon everyone all people.
Your sons and daughters will prophesy,
your young men will see visions,
your old men will dream dreams.
18 Even on my slaves servants, both men and women,
will I pour out from my Spirit in those days;
and they will prophesy [last phrase omitted].
19 I will perform miracles in the sky above
and signs on the earth below —
blood, fire and thick smoke billows of smoke.
20 The sun will become dark
and the moon blood
before the great and fearful Day of Adonai the Lord. comes.
21 And then, whoever calls on the name of Adonai will be saved.”’ Joel 3:1–5(2:28–32), “After this, I will pour out my Spirit on all humanity. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions; and also on male and female slaves in those days I will pour out my Spirit. I will show wonders in the sky and on earth — blood, fire and columns of smoke. The sun will be turned into darkness and the moon into blood before the coming of the great and terrible Day of Adonai.” At that time, whoever calls on the name of Adonai will be saved. For in Mount Tziyon and Yerushalayim there will be those who escape, as Adonai has promised; among the survivors will be those whom Adonai has called. ;
for on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem
 there will be deliverance, as the Lord has said, even among the survivors whom the Lord calls.

[The CJB NT quote differs from the CJB OT text. The Mount Tziyon OT text, in contrast, appears in the NIV OT text. I think 2 problems are evidenced. First, CJB NT intentionally modifies OT to fit a CJB intention – perhaps proving that Yeshua is the Messiah. Second, NIV plows ahead without trying to resolve apparent contradictions, such as “all humanity” vs “in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem”.]

22 “Men of Isra’el! Listen to this! Yeshua from Natzeret was a man demonstrated to you to have been from God by the powerful works, miracles and signs that God performed through him in your presence. You yourselves know this. 23 This man was arrested in accordance with God’s predetermined plan and foreknowledge; and, through the agency of persons not bound by the Torah [namely, Pontius Pilot], you nailed him up on a stake and killed him!

24 “But God has raised him up and freed him from the suffering of death [I think the person suffered the injury and humility]; it was impossible that death could keep its hold on him. 25 For David says this about him:

‘I saw Adonai always before me, for he is at my right hand, so that I will not be shaken.
26 For this reason, my heart was glad; and my tongue rejoiced; and now my body too will live on in the certain hope 27 that you will not abandon me to Sh’ol the realm of the dead
or let your Holy One faithful see decay. 28 You have made known to me the ways of life;
you will fill me with joy by your presence in your presence,
    with eternal pleasures at your right hand.’ Psalm 16:8–11,  I always set Adonai before me;
with him at my right hand, I can never be moved; so my heart is glad, my
glory tongue rejoices, and my body too rests in safety; for you will not abandon me to Sh’ol, you will not let your faithful one see the Abyss. You make me know the path of life; in your presence is unbounded joy, in your right hand eternal delight.” [KJV OT and ]

29 “Brothers, I know I can say to you frankly that the patriarch David died and was buried — his tomb is with us to this day. 30 Therefore, since he was a prophet and knew that God had sworn an oath to him that one of his descendants would sit on his throne, 31 he was speaking in advance about the resurrection of the Messiah, that it was he who was not abandoned in Sh’ol [Hades] and whose flesh did not see decay32 God raised up this Yeshua! And we are all witnesses of it!

33 “Moreover, he has been exalted to the right hand of God; has received from the Father what he promised, namely, the Ruach HaKodesh; and has poured out this gift, which you are both seeing and hearing. 34 For David did not ascend into heaven. But he says,

35 Adonai said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”’ Psalm 110:1, “Adonai The Lord says to my Lord my lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.” [It seems “my Lord” is David, the king of Israel. That is why Peter raised the issue, and CJB’s NT author misses that.]

36 Therefore, let the whole house of Isra’el know beyond doubt that God has made him both Lord and Messiah — this Yeshua, whom you executed on a stake!”

37 On hearing this, they were stung in their hearts; and they said to Kefa and the other emissaries, “Brothers, what should we do?” 38 Kefa answered them, “Turn from sin, return to God, and each of you be immersed on the authority of Yeshua the Messiah into forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Ruach HaKodesh39 For the promise is for you, for your children, and for those far away — as many as Adonai our God may call!” [God, Ruach HaKodesh, as Adonai are Hebrew names for The God.]

40 He pressed his case with many other arguments and kept pleading with them, “Save yourselves from this perverse generation!”

41 So those who accepted what he said were immersed, and there were added to the group that day about three thousand people.

42 They continued faithfully in the teaching of the emissaries, in fellowship, in breaking bread and in the prayers. 43 Everyone was filled with awe, and many miracles and signs took place through the emissaries. 44 All those trusting in Yeshua stayed together and had everything in common [Yeshua said, you may and can perfect your behavior, Matt 5:48.]45 in fact, they sold their property and possessions and distributed the proceeds to all who were in need. [I think this materialistic religion is not a sustainable public practice.] 46 Continuing faithfully and with singleness of purpose to meet in the Temple courts daily, and breaking bread in their several homes, they shared their food in joy and simplicity of heart, 47 praising God and having the respect of all the people. And day after day the Lord kept adding to them those who were being saved. [“Those who were being saved” lends doubt to election. Expecting the kingdom right away.]


[Introduction

I read to consider and apply perhaps 5500 year old Sumerian political philosophy. The Sumerians are parochially referenced by Semite scribes of 3900 years ago, in Genesis 1:26-28; in my paraphrase:  Female-and-male-human-being may and can choose to independently and together constrain political democracy on earth: on earth, civic humankind has the power and authority to pursue necessary goodness and constrain the bad. Civic citizens may use the rule of law to develop statutory justice. 

Yeshua* affirmed contributing ideas in each Matthew 18:18 (no peace-power above humankind), Matthew 19:3-8 (spousal loyalty), Matthew 5:48 (pursue your perfection), and in other direct dialogue.
The next Bible canon could and should include the law codes of Sumer and competing civilizations. Resulting insights would take the heat off Judeo-Christianity, a Christ vs Messiah** vs The God competition vs Yeshua’s civic influence.***

Notes:

*In 4 BC, Yosef and Myriam of Nazareth begot Yeshua. 250 years beforehand, Greek translation of the Torah provided Ἰησοῦς and χριστός, both of which competed with “Yeshua”, the former during Yeshua’s life and the latter in afterdeath. Rome affirmed a triune God in 325 CE. By the 16th century CE, Christianity used “Jesus Christ” to repress Yeshua, intentionally or not. 

The person, Yeshua, said, in my paraphrase: if people don’t speak my name they can neither consider my civic influence nor share my open-heartedness. Competitive monotheism hides Yeshua’s civic influence. Churches hide Yeshua. Churches claim the Holy Bible is the word of the God yet do everything they can to negate Genesis 1:26-28: humankind is responsible to rule to necessary goodness on earth.

Obviously, The God is a mystery. However, civic citizens may, can, and do discern Yeshua’s civic influence. Accepting Genesis 1:26-28 empowers and does not exclude the open-minded and open-hearted fellow citizen who has not discovered Yeshua. In other words, human-beings may and can mimic Yeshua without knowing his home town or his beginning.

**Cyrus, 600 BC, is called a messiah in Isaiah 45:1.

***Competitive monotheism survives on war rather than necessary goodness.

Discussion

Personal and institutional competition egregiously deludes Yeshua’s influence to necessary goodness. The collaborative view could accelerate mutual pursuit of human being (verb) and lessen habitual baby killings, like those happening in Israel, in Ukraine, and in the U.S. in the year 2025.


I think Genesis 1:26-28 informs humankind to flourish in necessary goodness rather than accommodate badness and allow evil:

Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.”

So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.

God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue itRule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.

Acceptance of the power, authority, and responsibility to rule on earth is human being (verb). Reliable human-beings pursue necessary goodness to actual reality.

The rest of the Bible discloses the chaos that ensues if most individuals choose wanton behavior -- neglect the laws of physics and progeny, e.g., biology and psychology. Physics prevails even when humankind’s research has not discovered its laws. Both rationalization and speculation fail the test of time.

The civic collective cannot rule if most fellow citizens practice/accommodate badness and allow evil. Civilizations can and do exist without civic integrity. Yet the pursuit of necessary goodness is essential to survival.

Political and religious philosopher Yeshua affirmed Genesis 1:26-28, e.g. in Matt 5:48 (be as perfect as goodness); 18:18 (expect consequences rather than error-correction); and 19:4-6 (don’t divide/lessen goodness). 

Today there are more than 4,000 religions and 45,000 Christian sects on earth. Today is the time for individuals to accept the power, the authority, and the responsibility to practice civic integrity in personal living. “Ourselves” may either continue to leave reliable responsibility to “our Posterity”, referring to the preamble to the US Constitution, or practice necessary goodness.

Notes re modern perspective:

1.     Since monotheism is a human construct, I use the phrase, “The God, whatever it may be”, to express objection to any doctrinal God yet reserve humility to ineluctable evidence.

a.      Blue highlight is to emphasize Genesis 1:26-28 pronoun usages, “our” and “we”.

b.     Perhaps the “we” infers the psychologically androgynous pair -- a couple in monogamy more than sexual intimacy.

c.      It seems human choice may and can conform to the discovered laws of physics.

d.     Yet human inspiration and motivation are driven by goodness,

e.      When goodness is uncertain, humility seems an option.

2.      Scholars understand that humankind in its present mutation is Homo sapiens (HS)

a.      Distinguished by brains with synapses and neurons continuously developing speed and capacity to handle exponential complexities

b.     Indeed HS is the dominant species on earth and its extensions

c.      Yet HS, so far, is challenged-to, perhaps will-not, control earth as much as possible

d.  Unfortunately, after 200,000 years, sexual-attraction rather than necessary goodness dominates society.

3.      The rest of the Holy Bible expresses the validity of Genesis 1:26-28:  Humankind may and can choose to rule on earth.

a.      Genesis 1 predates the existence of Israel by at least 1500 years.

b.     About 2000 years have passed since Yeshua lived.

c.      Yet war in the Middle East threatens humankind’s opportunity.

d.     It seems time to pay more attention to primitive thought – psychological and civic discovery during the period 8000 years ago to 4000 years ago.]

 

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